Probiotics

Probiotics reduced the incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea by roughly 40 percent, with benefit strongest when started early in the antibiotic course.

Neither maternal nor infant supplementation with probiotics, prebiotics, vitamin D or fish oil consistently prevented allergic disease or wheeze.

Probiotics significantly reduced antibiotic-associated diarrhea by 42% (RR 0.58) Reduced incidence of C. difficile infection by 64% (RR 0.36) Decreased duration of acute diarrhea by 25 hours on average Improved IBS symptoms with specific strains (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus) Reduced upper respiratory tract infections by 30% Strain-specific effects observed - not all probiotics equally effective Higher doses (≥10 billion CFU) more effective than lower doses Multi-strain formulations often supe

Reviewed evidence supports probiotics for antibiotic-associated and infectious diarrhoea, some benefit in irritable bowel syndrome symptoms, and modulation of mucosal immunity through competitive exclusion of pathogens, barrier reinforcement and cytokine modulation. Effects are strain-specific and dose-dependent; benefits shown for one strain cannot be assumed for others.

Probiotics produced small significant reductions in global IBS symptom severity and abdominal pain, with effects varying widely by strain.

Probiotics including S. boulardii reduced antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in outpatients, with a number needed to treat around 13.

Visceral and subcutaneous fat areas decreased significantly with LG2055 compared with control, alongside reductions in body weight and waist circumference.

A five-day probiotic course did not prevent moderate-to-severe gastroenteritis within 14 days versus placebo.

Perinatal LGG halved the frequency of atopic eczema in at-risk children at age two (23% vs 46%).

Probiotics significantly reduced antibiotic-associated diarrhea by 42% (RR 0.58) Reduced incidence of C. difficile infection by 64% (RR 0.36) Decreased duration of acute diarrhea by 25 hours on average Improved IBS symptoms with specific strains (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus) Reduced upper respiratory tract infections by 30% Strain-specific effects observed - not all probiotics equally effective Higher doses (≥10 billion CFU) more effective than lower doses Multi-strain formulations often supe

Moderate certainty evidence suggests that probiotics are effective for preventing Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.

A 30-day LGG course may reduce perceived stress-particularly in males-with a trend level effect observed in females without affecting bowel habits.

PBQT significantly improved H. pylori eradication rates compared to BQT alone (pooled odds ratio [OR] = 1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20-1.85; P = 0.0004), with low heterogeneity (I² = 0%).

B.coagulans exhibited the highest probability to be the optimal probiotic specie in improving IBS symptom relief rate, as well as global symptom, abdominal pain, bloating, and straining scores.

Magnesium supplementation reduced migraine attacks (mean difference (MD) = -2.51), severity (MD = -0.88), and the monthly migraine days (MD = -1.66) compared with the control group.

Probiotics significantly increased secretory IgA concentrations and reduced infection incidence

Consumption of probiotics, in particular, multispecies probiotics, may substantially reduce the GTT, increase the stool frequency, and improve the stool consistency.

The probiotics group showed a significantly higher SIBO decontamination rate than the

Lower sinusitis relapse risks during treatment (risk ratio = 0.49; p = 0.019) and 8 months post-treatment (risk ratio = 0.56, p = 0.013) were observed.

B. bifidum 900791 did not significantly improve LI symptoms, and only Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 showed significant improvement in symptoms and in reduction of expired hydrogen.

Probiotics reduced whole gut transit time by approximately 12 hours versus control

Probiotic prophylaxis did not significantly reduce recurrent urinary tract infections versus placebo.

The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (SMD = -1.40, 95% Cl = -2.63 to -0.17, p < 0.00001) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (SMD = -0.92, 95% Cl = -1.86 to 0.01, p < 0.00001). Score decreased after probiotic supplementation.

Probiotics as adjuncts to antifungals may improve short-term cure and reduce one-month relapse of candidiasis.

The effects of probiotics on induction of remission in Crohn's disease are uncertain; the evidence is of very low certainty.

Probiotics may reduce the proportion of children experiencing acute otitis media.

Probiotics improved allergic rhinitis quality-of-life scores in the majority of included trials.

All were deemed to be of poor quality using the Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment.

However, adverse events, pruritus scores, quality of life, and frequency of TCS use showed no significant difference in this meta-analysis study (p > 0.05).

Alterations in the gut microbiota may correlate with the severity of ASD symptoms.

Our research suggests that probiotics could play a beneficial role in managing AD and eczema.

Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 did not significantly improve tic severity scores in children with Tourette syndrome.

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving adults with IBS that compared probiotics to placebo or no therapy were eligible for the analysis.

Although probiotic supplementation did not potentiate the reduction in body weight or fat mass

Regular intake of ST11 over 56 days is safe and reduces significantly the severity of signs and symptoms of moderate to severe dandruff.

Two studies reported a significant reduction in ORG between probiotic and placebo groups, and two studies on the basis of total VSC levels.

Probiotic supplementation enhanced microbial diversity (Shannon index: SMD = 0.76).

While preclinical (animal) studies suggest that probiotics may help reduce anxiety, such findings have not yet translated to clinical research in humans.

Lactobacillus rhamnosus combined with oral immunotherapy was associated with sustained unresponsiveness to peanut.

This systematic review suggests a possible role for nutraceutical supplements in the treatment of acne.

A similar pattern was found in abdominal VFA between the two groups (P=0.041).

Synbiotics reduce proctitis symptoms and improve quality of life by preventing rectal inflammation during radiotherapy for prostate cancer.

Probiotics showed limited and inconsistent effects on symptoms during the menopause transition.

Probiotics reduced organoleptic and volatile sulphur compound scores versus placebo.

Meta-analysis of RCTs enrolling 173 patients with MS receiving probiotics revealed significant beneficial effects of probiotic supplementation on mental health, with very low certainty of evidence.

Available studies of probiotics in diverticular disease were small and heterogeneous, precluding firm conclusions on efficacy.

Probiotic supplementation produced small, heterogeneous improvements in asthma symptom measures.

Probiotics are effective for preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhoea.

Oral use of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 was not more effective than placebo.

Among critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation, administration of the probiotic L rhamnosus GG compared with placebo, resulted in no significant difference in the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia. These findings do not support the use of L rhamnosus GG in critically ill patients.

S. boulardii in combination with STT was more effective than STT alone (intention-to-treat analysis: 87.7% vs. 75.9%, RR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.10-1.19, P < 0.00001).

The supplementation of S. boulardii to H. pylori therapy caused a significant increase in overall eradication rates and a significant decrease in overall diarrhea, nausea, and epigastric pain rates.

Probiotics achieved a pooled SIBO decontamination rate of 62.8% and reduced abdominal pain, but did not prevent SIBO onset

Bi-07 has high lactase activity, and in 2 clinical trials, it supported lactose digestion in individuals with lactose intolerance.

Probiotic supplementation improves cognitive function and mood with changes in gut microbiota in community-dwelling older adults.

Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 shortened whole gut transit time in a dose-related manner

Probiotics, compared with antidepressants and placebo, may be efficacious as an adjunct or standalone therapy for treating MDD.

Probiotic supplementation significantly increased natural killer cell tumoricidal activity in elderly participants

BS50 increased the proportion of participants showing improvement from baseline to week 6 in the composite score for bloating, burping, and flatulence (47.4% vs. 22.2%)

Oral probiotics were effective in secondary prevention of vulvovaginal infections including candidiasis during pregnancy.

The management of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) involves a range of therapeutic options such as antibiotics, probiotics, and prokinetic agents, yet their comparative clinical efficacy remains poorly characterized.

Probiotic supplement seems to be effective in ameliorating allergic rhinitis symptoms and improving the quality of life, but there is high heterogeneity in some results after subgroup analysis.

Probiotics reduced oral Candida colonisation versus control.

An individual patient data meta-analysis was performed on two randomized clinical trials studying the effect of S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 supplementation on gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in IBS subjects.

Whilst there was no clear improvement in overall GI symptoms after 60 days, we observed significantly improved GI reflux after 120 days of probiotics. The trial confirmed safety of multi-strain probiotics in SSc patients.

Probiotics may modestly reduce upper respiratory infection episodes, but certainty of evidence is low.

In this randomized, placebo-controlled trial, Oxadrop did not reduce urinary oxalate excretion in participants with idiopathic hyperoxaluria.

No between-group differences were found on a subjective measure of stress responsivity; CRP decreased relative to placebo, approaching significance.

The tested probiotic product may represent an unconventional method to reduce candidal colonization, to prevent oral candidosis in patients with Sjogren's syndrome.

Probiotic, prebiotic and fermented food interventions were evaluated across psychiatric disorders, with only one Tourette syndrome trial identified.

An oral probiotic reduced inflammatory acne lesion counts compared with placebo.

The available evidence does not support probiotics as an effective treatment for functional constipation in children.

Probiotics appear to be an effective treatment for IBS, although which individual species and strains are the most beneficial remains unclear.

Treatment with VSL# 3 was associated with reduced flatulence over the entire treatment period (placebo 39.5 +/- 2.6 vs VSL# 3 29.7 +/- 2.6, P = 0.011)

Probiotics did not significantly improve celiac symptoms or histology despite microbiota changes.

After the 12-week intervention, probiotics significantly alleviated disease severity grading.

Evidence for complementary and alternative treatments of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis is of low certainty.

Combination of probiotic and antihistamines had no statistically significant different efficacy than the antihistamine alone, based on UAS7 score.

Probiotic supplementation in infancy did not clearly prevent allergic disease.

Probiotic yogurt fortified with L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium sp. could safely and effectively decrease lactose intolerance symptoms and HBT.

Probiotics may be used in conjunction with other treatments to manage SLE. Nonetheless, current data is limited.

Gut microbiota-based therapies showed limited and heterogeneous benefit across autoimmune and rheumatic diseases.

Among preschool children with acute gastroenteritis, those who received a 5-day course of L. rhamnosus GG did not have better outcomes than those who received placebo.

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis MH-02 as an adjunctive treatment improved clinical symptoms in patients with reflux esophagitis.

Probiotic supplementation produced small reductions in body weight and visceral fat in obese patients.

No significant differences were observed for abdominal pain (SMD = -0.03; 95% CI -0.29 to 0.22), bloating (SMD = -0.15; 95% CI -0.40 to 0.11)

Probiotic supplementation reduced bloating and flatulence scores significantly versus placebo

Probiotic consumption along with antihistamines significantly improved the activity of urticaria but not the quality of life of patients.

Probiotic supplementation modestly increased BDNF and reduced inflammatory markers.

Normalization of LHBT was obtained in only two patients (25%).

In children with acute gastroenteritis, the probiotic did not prevent the development of moderate-to-severe gastroenteritis within 14 days after enrollment.

Probiotics reduced the number of participants experiencing acute upper respiratory infections

Probiotics added to antifungal therapy improved short-term clinical and mycological cure rates in vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Given their biological plausibility, probiotics have emerged as a promising therapy, yet evidence remains inconsistent due to strain-specific effects and heterogeneous study designs.

The analysis included randomized controlled trials of liver function in patients with MASLD or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis treated with probiotics, prebiotics, or yogurt for a minimum of 6 months.

Probiotic effects on body weight in overweight and obese adults were inconsistent and strain-specific.

The use of probiotic formulas brings benefit in treatment of various autoimmune diseases, but the evidence for scleroderma is still not exhaustive.

Probiotics were better than placebo in reducing the number of participants experiencing episodes of acute upper respiratory tract infection.

Overall, the meta-analysis demonstrates that probiotic, prebiotic, or synbiotic administration is an effective and safe intervention for modifying IR and lipid profiles.

Probiotic treatment achieved cure rates comparable to fluconazole with lower recurrence at follow-up.

Probiotics reduced whole gut transit time, increased stool frequency, and improved stool consistency in adults with functional constipation.

Oral probiotics with lactoferrin as maintenance therapy reduced recurrence of vulvovaginal candidiasis versus control.

Probiotics produced a significant, albeit small, reduction in depression and anxiety symptoms relative to control conditions.

Current evidence indicates that probiotics probably make little or no difference in improving patient-rated eczema symptoms.

Probiotics modulate the gut microbiota and have a role in the management of several gastrointestinal disorders.

Probiotics reduced global IBS symptoms and abdominal pain, with a relative risk of persistent symptoms of 0.79.

Probiotic therapy produced no significant improvement in BASDAI, BASFI or quality of life in spondyloarthritis.