Cardiovascular

    Cardiovascular Risk Reduction

    A decrease in the likelihood of cardiovascular events such as heart attack and stroke, as measured by established risk markers.

    TL;DR

    Cardiovascular risk reduction is driven by blood pressure, lipids, smoking, glucose, and fitness. Omega-3s (high-dose EPA), psyllium, and garlic have the strongest supplement evidence for modifiable risk factors.

    Why It Matters

    Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains the leading global cause of death. Supplements target individual risk factors: high-dose EPA (4 g icosapent ethyl) reduced events in REDUCE-IT in statin-treated high-risk patients; psyllium lowers LDL ~5–10%; garlic modestly lowers blood pressure. None replace statins, blood pressure control, or smoking cessation.

    How to Measure

    Lipid panel and blood pressure every 3–6 months when intervening; consider ApoB for risk refinement.

    Biomarkers

    LDL-C / ApoB
    Blood pressure
    hs-CRP
    Triglycerides
    HbA1c

    Optimization Protocol

    Foundation: Mediterranean-style diet, exercise, no smoking, prescribed medications. Adjuncts: EPA+DHA 1–2 g/day (or prescription EPA if indicated); psyllium 10 g/day for LDL; aged garlic extract 600–1,200 mg/day for mild hypertension.

    Lifestyle Levers

    • Mediterranean-style diet
    • 150+ min/week aerobic exercise
    • Smoking cessation
    • Blood pressure and lipid medication adherence
    • Alcohol moderation

    Supporting Supplements

    Supporting Research

    Frequently Asked Questions

    Typical Timeframe

    6–12 weeks for lipid and blood pressure changes; event reduction over years.

    Research Summary

    Studies10
    Supplements4

    My Notes

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    This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement regimen.