meta_analysis
    2025
    High Quality

    Sport supplementation in competitive swimmers: a systematic review with meta-analysis

    Domínguez R, López-León I, Moreno-Lara J, Rico E

    Published in Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

    Methodology

    PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis of 23 placebo-controlled supplementation studies (422 competitive swimmers, 50-800 m events) graded on the PEDro scale

    Key Findings

    Creatine supplementation showed a significant ergogenic effect on swimming performance (ES = -0.46; 95% CI -0.75 to -0.17), while evidence for most other supplements was weaker or inconsistent.

    Conclusions

    Only a small number of supplements, chiefly creatine, have credible endurance/performance support in competitive swimmers.

    Limitations

    Sport-specific population, few trials per supplement, varied distances and protocols.

    Supplements Studied

    Creatine supplementation demonstrated ergogenic benefits for competitive swimmers

    Outcomes Measured

    Creatine showed a significant effect (ES = -0.46; 95% CIs = -0.75 to -0.17

    Study Details

    Year:2025
    Sample Size:422
    Quality Score:8/10

    Disclosures

    Funding

    Academic/non-commercial

    This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement regimen.