Effects of apple cider vinegar on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials
Arjmandfard D, Behzadi M, Sohrabi Z, Mohammadi Sartang M
Published in Frontiers in Nutrition
Methodology
GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of seven controlled trials of apple cider vinegar in type 2 diabetes (PROSPERO CRD42023457493).
Key Findings
ACV reduced fasting blood sugar by 21.9 mg/dL (95% CI -29.19 to -14.67) and HbA1c by 1.53 (95% CI -2.65 to -0.41), and raised insulin, but did not change HOMA-IR. Each 1 mL/day increment was associated with a 1.26 mg/dL lower FBS.
Conclusions
Apple cider vinegar had positive effects on fasting blood sugar and HbA1c in people with type 2 diabetes.
Limitations
Only seven mostly small trials were pooled, HOMA-IR was unchanged so a true insulin-sensitivity effect is unproven, and heterogeneity in ACV dose and form was substantial.
Supplements Studied
ACV significantly reduced fasting blood sugar (FBS) (WMD: -21.929 mg/dL, 95% CI: -29.19, -14.67, p < 0.001) and HbA1c (WMD: -1.53, 95% CI: -2.65, -0.41, p = 0.008)... while it did not affect hemostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).
Outcomes Measured
ACV... increased insulin (WMD: 2.059 μu/ml, 95% CI: 0.26, 3.86, p = 0.025), while it did not affect hemostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).
ACV significantly reduced fasting blood sugar (FBS) and HbA1c (WMD: -1.53, 95% CI: -2.65, -0.41, p = 0.008).
ACV significantly reduced fasting blood sugar (FBS) (WMD: -21.929 mg/dL, 95% CI: -29.19, -14.67, p < 0.001).
Related Health Concerns
Study Details
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Disclosures
Funding
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
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