Citrate salts for preventing and treating calcium containing kidney stones in adults
Phillips R, Hanchanale VS, Myatt A, Somani B, Nabi G, Biyani CS
Published in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Methodology
Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of citrate salts (potassium citrate, potassium-sodium citrate, potassium-magnesium citrate) for preventing and treating calcium-containing kidney stones in adults.
Key Findings
Citrate salts reduced new calcium stone formation and slowed growth of residual stones compared with placebo or no treatment, with gastrointestinal upset the main adverse effect driving withdrawal.
Conclusions
Citrate salts prevent new stone formation and reduce growth of residual predominantly oxalate stones, though underlying trial quality is moderate to poor.
Limitations
Included trials were mostly small with moderate to poor methodological quality and short follow-up, heterogeneous citrate formulations, and frequent gastrointestinal dropout.
Supplements Studied
Citrate salts reduced new calcium stone formation and slowed growth of residual stones compared with placebo or no treatment, with gastrointestinal upset the main adverse effect driving withdrawal.
Related Health Concerns
Study Details
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