observational
    2003

    Long-term creatine supplementation does not significantly affect clinical markers of health in athletes

    Kreider RB, Melton C, Rasmussen CJ, Greenwood M, Lancaster S, Cantler EC, Milnor P, Almada AL

    Published in Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry

    Methodology

    Comparison of clinical blood and urine markers in athletes taking creatine for up to 21 months versus non-users during regular training.

    Key Findings

    No clinically significant differences were found in markers of renal, hepatic, muscle or electrolyte status between long-term creatine users and non-users.

    Conclusions

    Long-term creatine supplementation does not adversely affect clinical health markers in athletes.

    Limitations

    Non-randomised observational design; athlete population only; does not exclude rare individual reactions.

    Supplements Studied

    No clinically significant differences in renal, hepatic or muscle markers between long-term creatine users and non-users.

    Study Details

    Year:2003
    Sample Size:98
    Quality Score:5/10

    Disclosures

    Funding

    Partly supported by supplement industry sources

    This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement regimen.