Cognitive
    Moderate Evidence

    Executive Function

    Better planning, decision-making, and impulse control through enhanced prefrontal cortex activity.

    TL;DR

    Executive function is limited far more by sleep, aerobic fitness and attentional load than by nutrients. Citicoline and creatine show small measurable gains, mostly in people who are sleep-deprived, ageing, or nutritionally depleted.

    Why It Matters

    Declining executive function predicts loss of independence in older adults and impairs work performance at any age. It is also the domain most sensitive to sleep restriction, making sleep the first thing to investigate.

    How to Measure

    Biomarkers

    Stroop and trail-making test performance
    Working memory span
    Sleep duration and quality
    Reaction time variability

    Optimization Protocol

    Fix sleep first, then train aerobically at least 150 minutes a week, which has the strongest cognitive evidence. Check B12, ferritin and thyroid. Citicoline 250-500 mg daily and creatine 5 g daily are the most defensible additions, particularly with age or sleep debt.

    Supporting Supplements

    Supporting Research

    Frequently Asked Questions

    Typical Timeframe

    4-12 weeks

    Research Summary

    Studies23
    Supplements2
    Evidence
    Moderate Evidence

    My Notes

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    This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement regimen.