Vitamin B3

Twelve weeks of nicotinamide riboside did not change skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration, content or morphology.

Nicotinamide did not significantly lower CSF phospho-tau or improve cognition versus placebo in early Alzheimer disease.

Oral nicotinamide 500 mg twice daily did not lower the number of keratinocyte cancers or actinic keratoses in immunosuppressed solid-organ transplant recipients.

Niacin improved lipid fractions including LDL particle characteristics but produced no reduction in major vascular events and increased serious adverse events.

73 patients randomised; active combination improved pain score, B12 levels, vibration perception threshold and sural nerve conduction versus placebo.

Evidence for topical nicotinamide, zinc and sulphur in acne was low to very low certainty, while azelaic acid had moderate-certainty benefit.

Six weeks of nicotinamide riboside did not increase in vivo cold-induced BAT activity, despite in vitro beta-adrenergic effects.

Nicotinamide riboside showed indications of upregulated gene pathways related to genomic integrity in the airways and reduced epigenetic aging, possibly via reduced cellular senescence.

In 47 healthy volunteers, 4 weeks of oral Polypodium leucotomos significantly reduced UVB-induced erythema compared with control but did not measurably reduce epidermal DNA damage (cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers); oral nicotinamide reduced neither erythema nor DNA damage.

NMN restored NAD+ levels and improved glucose tolerance in offspring of obese dams, reduced markers of oxidative stress, and improved indicators of mitochondrial function in liver tissue. Effects varied by whether NMN was given to the mother, the offspring, or both.

NAD+ repletion rejuvenated muscle stem cells and extended lifespan in aged mice via mitochondrial quality control.

Nicotinamide riboside effectively doubled NAD+ levels and was well tolerated, with a suggestive reduction in systolic blood pressure but no significant change in most physiological endpoints.

Oral nicotinamide produced a small but significant improvement in inner retinal function on electroretinography versus placebo, without change in intraocular pressure

Nicotinamide riboside raised blood NAD+ levels but did not significantly improve cognitive or functional outcomes versus placebo.

Oral NAD precursors reliably raise blood NAD+ levels, but clinical trials have generally failed to show consistent functional benefits.

Twelve weeks of an NAD+ precursor did not improve insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial function or body composition in obese men.

Nicotinamide did not reduce new keratinocyte carcinomas in organ transplant recipients over 12 months.

Topical nicotinamide gel matched clindamycin for acne lesion reduction overall, performing better in non-oily skin.

Nicotinamide did not significantly lower serum phosphate or FGF23 in CKD and caused more gastrointestinal effects and thrombocytopenia.

Niacinamide does not cause the flushing seen with nicotinic acid and does not lower lipids; the tolerable upper intake for supplemental forms is 35 mg/day.

NMN 250 mg/day for 10 weeks increased muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women, without changes in body composition, blood pressure or liver fat.

NMN 300-1200 mg/day for six weeks increased oxygen uptake at ventilatory threshold in trained runners, with no change in peak VO2.

Afternoon NMN 250 mg improved lower-limb function and reduced drowsiness in older adults, while other sleep and fatigue measures were unchanged.

NMN 1250 mg/day for four weeks was well tolerated with no clinically meaningful adverse changes in laboratory or vital measures.

NMN raised blood NAD+ dose-dependently and improved walking distance and a subjective wellbeing score, but not most other endpoints.

In 42 healthy older Japanese men, NMN 250 mg/day for 12 weeks raised whole-blood NAD+ metabolites and improved gait speed and right-hand grip strength versus placebo, while muscle insulin sensitivity and most other metabolic measures did not differ significantly.

Niacin did not reduce all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction or stroke.

Niacin with laropiprant did not reduce major vascular events and caused significant excesses of serious adverse events.

Niacin raised HDL cholesterol and lowered triglycerides but produced no reduction in cardiovascular events.

The between-group difference in percent AK change was not significant (P = .38).

Flushing affects most users of immediate-release niacin and glucose elevation is common in insulin-resistant patients.

Niacin was associated with an 11% lower all-cause mortality at 15 years in the pre-statin Coronary Drug Project.

Nicotinamide reduced the rate of new non-melanoma skin cancers by 23% compared with placebo.