Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Processes
Calder PC
Published in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Vol. 1851 (4), pp. 469-84
Abstract
This review discusses the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of marine omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA, including effects on inflammatory mediators and immune cell function.
Methodology
Narrative/mechanistic review of laboratory, animal and human evidence on marine omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory pathways, including eicosanoid and pro-resolving mediator biology.
Key Findings
Review of the biology of EPA and DHA describing how marine omega-3s are incorporated into cell membranes, reduce production of arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids, and give rise to specialised pro-resolving mediators (resolvins, protectins, maresins) that actively resolve inflammation; clinical anti-inflammatory effects are dose-dependent and generally require gram-level intakes.
Conclusions
Marine omega-3 fatty acids have well-characterised anti-inflammatory and inflammation-resolving mechanisms, which explain modest clinical benefits in inflammatory conditions at sufficient doses.
Limitations
Narrative mechanistic review rather than a quantitative synthesis; much evidence from cell and animal models; human clinical trials are heterogeneous in dose, formulation and baseline omega-3 status; author has industry ties.
Supplements Studied
Marine omega-3 fatty acids give rise to specialised pro-resolving mediators and dampen inflammatory processes.
Related Health Concerns
Study Details
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Disclosures
Funding
Author reports research and consultancy links with the omega-3 industry; no specific study funding
This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement regimen.