Magnesium, vitamin D status and mortality: results from US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001 to 2006 and NHANES III
Deng X, et al.
Published in BMC Medicine
Methodology
Analysis of the population-based cross-sectional NHANES 2001-2006 survey plus the NHANES III cohort, using serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D to define vitamin D status and probabilistic linkage with the National Death Index for mortality outcomes.
Key Findings
Using NHANES 2001-2006 cross-sectional data and the NHANES III cohort linked to the National Death Index, high total, dietary or supplemental magnesium intake was independently associated with significantly lower risk of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. Magnesium intake interacted significantly with vitamin D intake in relation to both deficiency and insufficiency, with the inverse association concentrated among people at high risk of insufficiency. The associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with mortality, particularly cardiovascular and colorectal cancer death, were modified by magnesium intake and appeared mainly in those with magnesium intake above the median.
Conclusions
Magnesium intake alone or its interaction with vitamin D intake may contribute to vitamin D status.
Limitations
Observational survey and cohort data cannot establish cause and effect; intakes came from self-reported dietary recall, and the authors describe the findings as preliminary and requiring confirmation in cohort studies and trials.
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