The combination effect of vitamin K and vitamin D on human bone quality: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Kuang X, Liu C, Guo X, Li K, Deng Q, Li D
Published in Food Funct, Vol. 11 (4), pp. 3280-3297
Methodology
Meta-analysis of 8 randomised controlled trials with 971 subjects comparing vitamin K combined with vitamin D against a control diet or no treatment.
Key Findings
Vitamin K combined with vitamin D increased total BMD (pooled effect size 0.316, 95% CI 0.031 to 0.601) and lowered undercarboxylated osteocalcin. Subgroup analysis found K2 or unspecified vitamin K below 500 micrograms a day with vitamin D increased total BMD.
Conclusions
The combination of vitamin K and D increased total BMD and lowered undercarboxylated osteocalcin, with a more favourable effect expected with K2.
Limitations
The comparators were a normal diet or no treatment, so the effect of K cannot be separated from that of vitamin D; small pooled sample.
Supplements Studied
Vitamin K combined with vitamin D significantly increased the total bone mineral density
Outcomes Measured
Vitamin K combined with vitamin D significantly increased the total bone mineral density
Study Details
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