In vivo effects of goldenseal, kava kava, black cohosh, and valerian on human cytochrome P450 1A2, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4 phenotypes
Gurley BJ, Gardner SF, Hubbard MA, Williams DK, Gentry WB, Khan IA, Shah A
Published in Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics
Methodology
Phenotypic cocktail probe study of four botanicals in healthy volunteers over 28 days, measuring CYP1A2, 2D6, 2E1 and 3A4 activity
Key Findings
Goldenseal produced strong inhibition of both CYP2D6 (approximately 40%) and CYP3A4/5 (approximately 40%); the other botanicals had minimal effect.
Conclusions
Goldenseal carries a high potential for herb-drug interactions across two major drug-metabolising enzymes.
Limitations
Healthy young volunteers only; surrogate probe endpoints.
Supplements Studied
Goldenseal produced significant inhibition of both CYP2D6 and CYP3A4/5 activity, indicating a high potential for herb-drug interactions.
Kava kava significantly inhibited CYP2E1 activity in humans.
Goldenseal produced strong inhibition of both CYP2D6 (approximately 40%) and CYP3A4/5 (approximately 40%); the other botanicals had minimal effect.
Study Details
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This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement regimen.