rct
    1994
    High Quality

    The Effect of Vitamin E and Beta Carotene on the Incidence of Lung Cancer and Other Cancers in Male Smokers

    The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group

    Published in New England Journal of Medicine

    Abstract

    Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 2x2 prevention trial of alpha-tocopherol and beta carotene in male smokers.

    Key Findings

    Male smokers receiving beta carotene had an 18% higher incidence of lung cancer and 8% higher total mortality than those not receiving it.

    Conclusions

    Beta carotene supplementation is harmful rather than protective in smokers.

    Limitations

    Male Finnish smokers only; limited generalizability to non-smokers.

    Supplements Studied

    Vitamin E
    Vitamin

    Alpha-tocopherol supplementation did not reduce lung cancer incidence in male smokers.

    Male smokers receiving beta carotene had an 18% higher incidence of lung cancer and 8% higher total mortality than those not receiving it.

    Vitamin A
    Vitamin

    Beta carotene supplementation increased lung cancer incidence among male smokers.

    Related Health Concerns

    Study Details

    Year:1994
    Sample Size:29,133
    Quality Score:9/10

    This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement regimen.