Clinical features, pathophysiological mechanisms, and multidisciplinary management strategies for rhinitis-induced adenoid facies in children and adolescents: a review
Ding Y
Published in Frontiers in Allergy
Methodology
Literature review of clinical features, pathophysiology and management approaches for rhinitis-associated adenoid facies in children and adolescents.
Key Findings
Narrative review describing how chronic rhinitis and mouth breathing in children contribute to adenoid facies (long face, retrognathia, high-arched palate, dental crowding), and arguing for early multidisciplinary management combining allergy control, intranasal corticosteroids, adenoid assessment and orthodontic/myofunctional therapy before skeletal growth completes.
Conclusions
Untreated chronic rhinitis and mouth breathing in children are linked to adverse craniofacial development, supporting early recognition and combined ENT, allergy and orthodontic management rather than any single treatment.
Limitations
Narrative review without systematic search, pooled data or risk-of-bias assessment; evidence base dominated by observational and cross-sectional studies; causal direction between rhinitis and craniofacial change remains unproven; no supplement-specific evidence.
Related Health Concerns
Study Details
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Disclosures
Funding
Academic institutional funding
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