observational
    2013

    Macular Pigment and Percentage of Body Fat

    Nolan JM, Loskutova E, Howard AN, Moran R, Mulcahy R, Stack J, Bolger M, Coen RF, Dennison J, Akuffo KO, Owens N, Power R, Thurnham D, Beatty S

    Published in Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science

    Abstract

    Cross-sectional study demonstrating inverse relationship between macular pigment optical density and body fat percentage. Higher body fat associated with lower lutein/zeaxanthin levels in macula. Suggests obesity may increase AMD risk through carotenoid depletion. Supplementation of 20mg lutein daily significantly increased macular pigment even in overweight individuals over 6 months.

    Methodology

    Cross-sectional study relating macular pigment optical density to percentage body fat and serum carotenoid concentrations in healthy adults, with supplementation data on macular pigment response.

    Key Findings

    Macular pigment optical density was inversely related to percentage body fat, consistent with sequestration of lutein and zeaxanthin in adipose tissue reducing retinal availability. Supplementation raised macular pigment even in participants with higher body fat, though response varied.

    Conclusions

    Higher adiposity is associated with lower macular pigment, which may contribute to age-related macular degeneration risk; body composition should be considered when interpreting carotenoid status.

    Limitations

    Cross-sectional design cannot establish causation, single cohort of limited size and ethnic diversity, and macular pigment optical density is a surrogate for retinal health rather than a clinical outcome.

    Supplements Studied

    Zeaxanthin
    Compound

    Macular pigment optical density was inversely related to percentage body fat, consistent with sequestration of lutein and zeaxanthin in adipose tissue reducing retinal availability. Supplementation raised macular pigment even in participants with higher body fat, though response varied.

    Lutein
    Compound

    Macular pigment optical density was inversely related to percentage body fat, consistent with sequestration of lutein and zeaxanthin in adipose tissue reducing retinal availability. Supplementation raised macular pigment even in participants with higher body fat, though response varied.

    Study Details

    Year:2013
    Quality Score:5/10

    This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement regimen.